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Lost River is a locality, in the Upper Lachlan Shire, within the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. It lies on either side of the main road between Crookwell and Boorawa, which are the nearest towns to it.
The area now known as Lost River lies within the traditional lands of Gundungurra people. These people spoke a similar if not identical language to the neighbouring Ngunnawal people to their south. After settler colonisation, the area became part of the County of King, one of the Nineteen Counties, in which land could be taken up by the colonial settlers.
There is a watercourse by the name of Lost River—a tributary of Wheeo Creek, in the Lachlan River catchment—that bisects the locality, and forms a part of the boundary between the parishes. The naming of the watercourse is unusual, being a 'river' that is a tributary of a creek. It may have been called Lost River, because it flowed "at the bottom of a rocky gorge, about 14 miles from one swamp into another," or it at least seemed to do so, in summer when its flow was low, like a losing stream. The name of the watercourse seems to date from the early 1840s, at latest, and probably earlier. However, the locality name, Lost River, also may have referred to an ancient watercourse, now in an elevated position as a result of geological processes. The ancient sediments of the 'lost river' contained gemstones.The presence of diamonds and gold in the area was well known by the early 1920s.
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