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Peterborough is a historic railway town on the main south-eastern approach to the Flinders Ranges. It is a popular stop for travellers en route to the ranges or heading north to the Territory or across to Western Australia. The town was originally called Petersburg after Peter Doecke who was the original selector of the land that the town was set up on. The name was changed in response to the patriotic passions aroused during World War One.
Today, many of the attractions in town reflect Peterborough's railway heritage, including the Steamtown Rail Heritage Centre, the Railway Memorial on Main Street and the 'Y Class' Locomotive, also on Main Street near the rotunda. This train dates from 1888, and was restored in 2000 and moved to its current location. An interpretive sign near the train explains its history and years of service.